Jordan university of science and technology department of civil engineering. Hence chain surveying is some times called chain triangulation. Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not, surveying can be divided into two main categories. It enabled plots of land to be accurately surveyed and plotted, for legal and commercial purposes. Generally a chain consists of 100 or 150 links each 300 mm or 200 mm length. Principal of chain surveying the principal of chain surveying is to divide the area into a number of triangles of suitable sides. Offsets to corner points b, c, e and f are now laid from the chain line ad either by tape or crossstaff and their foot of offsets are g, i. Demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work.
Purpose of surveying civil engineering civil engineering. The magnetic bearing of a line measured clockwise or anticlockwise from np or sp whichever is nearer to the line towards the east or west is known as qb. There are two major types of stations in chain surveying. Various article about different surveying issue are discussed here. The chain is a unit of length equal to 66 feet 22 yards. If the length of a chain is found to be short on testing, it can be adjusted by a. A good knowledge of chain surveying is therefore essential to a proper knowledge of surveying as a whole.
Determination of two inaccessible points with compass. As a triangles is the only simple plane of geometrical figure which can be plotted from the lengths of the three sides even if the angels are not known. To study various surveying instruments a instruments used for linear measurements. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations. Chain surveys require a chain, tape, ranging rods, arrows and a timecross staff.
Map work surveying field work research practical geography for secondary and tertiary students tutor haruni machumu research paper undergraduate geography earth science geography for preuniversity students publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. The chain and tape and accessories used for chain surveying has been studied fully outcome. There are 80 chain lengths to a mile, 40 chains to a halfmile, etc. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their. Jun 16, 2015 chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. The surveyors chain and drag tape were the main instruments used for linear. The length of the chain is measured from the outside of one handle to the outside of another handle.
The first volume focuses on both the theoretical concepts and their practical applications. We hope students all over the world will find it helpful. In chain survey, only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. Jordan university of science and technology department of. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of. Chain surveying is the branch of surveying in which only linear measurements are made in the field. Gunters chain also known as gunters measurement is a distance measuring device used for surveying.
Aug 20, 2017 principal of chain surveying the principal of chain surveying is to divide the area into a number of triangles of suitable sides. Instruments used in chain survey chain, 20m or 30m long tape arrows ranging rods wooden or iron pegs plumb bob cross staff chain used for surveying 20m chain 100 links 30m chain 150 links 1 links 20cm links of chain are made by mild steel wire 4mm diameter. Pdf 8 types of concrete finishes pdf brick bat coba. This is the simple method of taking the linear measurement using. Surveying multiple choice questions and answers pdf free download for freshers civil engineering students. Main stations are the end of lines that determine the boundary of the surveying. Generally such an ideal condition is not practical always. Introduction to engineering surveying ce 5 levellingtheory.
There are 10 chains in a furlong, and 80 chains in one statute mile. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Ibrahim mahamid civil engineering department, engineering faculty, university of hail, ksa. Pdf introducing principles of land surveying by assigning a. Punmia, ashok kumar jain, arun kumar jain surveying vol. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of. While 66 feet seems unusual, it was used to keep the early chains from being too long and heavy. Each topic introduced is thoroughly described, the theory is rigorously developed, and a large number of numerical.
Sixtysix feet is proportional to our english mile and acre. The equipment and tools that are typically used in chain surveying are. Survey i surveying i list of practical minimum 15 practical should be performed out of the following 1 measurement of distance by ranging and chaining. The early surveyors chain used the english length of 66 feet.
Mar, 2018 chain surveying with all equipment chain,arrow,pegs,ranging rod,offset rod duration. Surveys also set a basic framework of stakes, which is used by contractors and engineers in building and inspecting transportation projects. Chain a chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. Chain surveying is best used for smaller planes with few details. Preferably all the sides of a triangle should be nearly equal having each angle nearly 60 to ensure minimum distortion due to errors in measurement of sides and plotting. Study of various instruments used in chain surveying and their uses instruments. A practical project is used in an engineering surveying course to expose sophomore and junior civil engineering students to several important issues related to the use of basic principles of land.
This is most suitably adapted to small plane areas with very few details. Chain survey is the simplest and commonest method used in surveying exercises. Chain surveying is suitable for the following cases. Viewer has to keep in mind that this video only shows the basics of chain surveying observation in field, it also. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The surveying instruments and tools to be used in this project are tape, ranging rods. This is suitable for the survey of small areas with simple details and an area that is fairly flat. A chain is mainly used in chain surveying to measure the distances. May 2005 surveying equipment, measurements and errors 3. Chain tape surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. To determine the relative positions of the existing futures of the ground. Chain surveying is a type of survey in which the surveyor takes measurements in the field and then completes plot calculations and other processes in the office. Surveying notes pdf book starts with the topics distance measurement conventions and methods, theodolite, description, uses, and adjustments.
At the end of this experiment, student acquires knowledge about the chain and tape and accessories used for chain surveying 1. Surveying is an art of determining the relative positions of various points on, above or below the surface of the earth by means of direct or indirect measurement of distance, direction and elevation. This volume is one of the two which offer a comprehensive course in those parts of theory and practice of plane and geodetic surveying that are most commonly used by civil engineers. Fieldworks covered in this manual include chain surveying, plane table surveying, theodolite traverse surveying, leveling, tacheometry, curve setting, house setting. It was designed and introduced in 1620 by english clergyman and mathematician edmund gunter 15811626. Surveying is a very important part of civil engineering. What is the fundamental difference between surveying and leveling. Here in we have gathered some pdf lectures on surveying. Survey stations are points of importance at the beginning and end of a chain line.
If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. Topographic surveying chain and tape survey introduction. Chain surveying definition, details, procedure civil. It is a basic course for all universities for civil engineers. The distortion due to errors in measurement and plotting should be minimum. Because of its ease of use, it is used during reconnaissance survey as a quick method of surveying to get a rough idea in the location to be surveyed.
The link is made of galvanized mild steel wire 4 mm to 6mm diameter. To layout our marked positions of proposed structures on the ground. Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and. Procedures outlining each fieldwork have been comprehensively covered. In surveying the measurements are taken in horizontal plane, but in leveling they are taken in the vertical plane. Chain surveying report surveying measurement scribd. The two outer ones are attached to the barrel of the telescope. The ends of each link are bent into a loop and connected together by means of three oval rings. D egreesminutesseconds d ecimal degrees 1 0 2 3 12 1 8 1 1 4 2. Here you can download the free lecture notes of surveying pdf notes, materials with multiple file links to download.
In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. Chain surveying project description of the project the intersection method depends on the measurement of two angles. After participating in this fieldwork students will become more comfortable with handling chain and ranging rods. It has a compensator which consists of an arrangement of three prisms. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and. Chain surveying the arrangement of triangles to be adopted in the field depends on the shape, topography and the natural or artificial obstacles met with. To acquire practical knowledge on handling basic chain survey equipments to possess knowledge about compass surveying. In this method thelengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured byoffsets and ties from these lines. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing and.
Chain surveying, it is a method of surveying in which no angles are measured but only linear measurement is taken in the field by using a chain or tape measure. Ground fairly level and open with simple details 2. To survey an area by chain survey across obstacles and to calculate the obstructed lengths by using different methods. At the ends chain is provided with brass handle with swivel joint so that it can be easy to roll or unroll the chain without twisting and knots. Sep 09, 2016 demonstration of chain surveying related to field work and office work. Offsets to corner points b, c, e and f are now laid from the chain line ad either by tape or crossstaff and their foot of offsets are g, i, j, h respectively. The measurements in chain surveying are linear angular measurements are not considered.
Types of surveying on the basis of whether the curvature of the earth is taken into account or not,surveying can be divided into two main categories. The middle prism is suspended by fine wiring and reacts to gravity. Purpose of surveying in the field of civil engineering. Surveying, level, leveling, civil engineering, site. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. Based on this, the principle of chain surveying is to divide the area to be surveyed into a network of connected triangles. Chapter 3 surveying equipment, measurements and errors. Types of chains used in surveying, their parts, testing. The main objective of this study is to help students in gaining the practical experience by.
Chain survey procedure, applicability, survey stations and their selection. Chain surveying is considered to be the simplest method of surveying in which measurements are taken in the field and other supplementary works like plotting calculations are carried out in office. Surveying i list of practical minimum 15 practical should be performed out of the following 1 measurement of distance by ranging and chaining. Basic surveying manual michigan technological university. Chain survey method for performing chain surveying how to. Instruments used in chain survey chain used for surveying. By extension, chainage running distance is the distance along a curved or straight survey line from a fixed commencing point, as given by an odometer. In chain surveying, a network triangle is preferred. The rectangle is the simplest fig that can be plotted from the lengths of its sided. The first volume covers in 24 chapters, the most common surveying operations. The chain consists of many small parts used for handling or reading the measurements. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring.
It measures a series of straight lines on the ground with a chain or tape measure and all fixed points relative to the line of traverse either by right angles offsets or tie lines. Following are the various types of chain in common use. In this case ad is the longest and a chain line running from a to d is laid. Surveying is made up of various specializations known as sectors or classes as shown. Surveying lab manual pdf surveying 1 lab manual pdf. Basic surveying theory and practice for performing certain mathematical operations with angles, it is sometimes easier to convert to decimal degrees first, perform the necessary math, then convert back to degrees, minutes, and seconds.
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